What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Bangkok to South Africa one-way?

R7 344 is the cheapest one-way deal found within the past few days, from Cathay Pacific. You may also be able to find cheap deals on Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways, with prices starting from R7 414 and R8 573, respectively.

In terms of precipitation, rainfall in South Africa ranges from 0.0 - 120.0 inches per month. January is typically the wettest month, when rainfall can reach 120.0 mm. June is typically the driest time to visit South Africa when rainfall is around 0.0 mm.

If weather is an important factor for your trip to South Africa, use this chart to help with planning. For those seeking warmer temperatures, January is the ideal time of year to visit, when temperatures reach an average of 20.0 C. Travellers hoping to avoid the cold should look outside of June, when temperatures are typically at their lowest (around 10.0 C).

What are the most popular routes from Bangkok to South Africa?

The most popular route from Bangkok to South Africa is Bangkok Suvarnabhumi - Sun City Resort Pilansberg. You may also consider Bangkok Suvarnabhumi - Johannesburg OR Tambo or Bangkok Suvarnabhumi - Cape Town Intl.

What are the most popular airlines that fly from Bangkok to South Africa?

The most popular airlines flying from Bangkok to South Africa are Cathay Pacific, Emirates and Ethiopian Air. Something to consider prior to booking your flight.

How far in advance should I book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa?

Users have found that booking a flight from Bangkok to South Africa at least 20 days early can save you up to 1% on average compared to booking a flight this week. If booking 20 days before your flight isn’t an option for you, users have found flights from Bangkok to South Africa for as little as R12 597 when booking for a departure date within the next two weeks. You can also check prices now. Some users have found airline tickets as low as R16 110 for flights departing within the next 3 days.

What is the cheapest month to fly from Bangkok to South Africa?

May is one of the best times of the year to fly to South Africa from Bangkok. Prices for May average R14 550 per person but you can even find prices for as low as R7 519. The most expensive prices can be found in the month of January. Opting for a May flight can save you 26% on your journey compared to booking in January

What is the cheapest time of day to fly from BKK to ZA?

When flying from Bangkok to South Africa, the time of day you decide to fly out makes little to no difference towards the overall price you’ll pay on tickets.

Can I find deals for flights from Bangkok to South Africa that include hotel bookings?

Yes. In addition to deals on Bangkok to South Africa flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.

How can I find direct flights from Bangkok to South Africa?

After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from Bangkok to South Africa.

Can I find deals for business class flights from Bangkok to South Africa?

Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Bangkok to South Africa by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.

R17 227+ Flights from Bangkok to South Africa

Cheap flight deals from Bangkok to South Africa

Round-trip from	R11 613
One-way from	R6 852
Popular in	January
Cheapest in	May
Average price	R15 882

Ethiopian Air
11/8-19/8
2 total stops
33h 40m total
Bangkok to South Africa

Search Deals

22/7
2 total stops
24h 25m total
Bangkok to South Africa

Search Deals

Highest demand for flights based on searches. 10% potential increase in price (R29 663 potential increase over avg. return price).

Search Deals

Cheapest flight prices on average. 2% potential price decrease (R6 247 potential savings vs. average return price).

Search Deals

Average for round-trip flights in July 2025

Search Deals

Find flight deals from Bangkok to South Africa

Cheapest flights from Bangkok to South Africa
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Bangkok to South Africa. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 5 July 2025.

Mon 11/80:55BKK - JNB

1 stop17h 10mEthiopian Air

Tue 19/814:30JNB - BKK

1 stop16h 30mEthiopian Air

Deal found 3/7R11 613

Thu 2/1011:00BKK - JNB

1 stop25h 40mCathay Pacific

Sun 19/1011:20JNB - BKK

1 stop23h 05mCathay Pacific

Deal found 4/7R11 665

Tue 19/820:10BKK - JNB

2 stops21h 55mMultiple Airlines

Tue 26/814:30JNB - BKK

1 stop16h 30mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 5/7R11 771

Wed 1/101:00BKK - JNB

1 stop19h 50mKenya Airways

Sat 18/101:25JNB - BKK

1 stop31h 05mKenya Airways

Deal found 4/7R12 684

Fri 8/820:55BKK - JNB

1 stop16h 25mEtihad Airways

Sat 16/89:50JNB - BKK

1 stop15h 40mEtihad Airways

Deal found 3/7R13 141

Wed 10/919:00BKK - CPT

2 stops27h 10mMultiple Airlines

Wed 17/96:15CPT - BKK

2 stops22h 45mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/7R14 951

Mon 18/812:30BKK - DUR

2 stops28h 05mMultiple Airlines

Mon 25/820:45DUR - BKK

2 stops28h 45mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/7R16 022

Sun 17/83:30BKK - CPT

2 stops21h 25mQatar Airways

Mon 25/813:00CPT - BKK

1 stop18h 55mQatar Airways

Deal found 4/7R16 356

Sun 10/813:40DMK - JNB

3 stops47h 40mMultiple Airlines

Sun 17/89:50JNB - DMK

2 stops19h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/7R16 585

Sun 17/83:30BKK - DUR

2 stops36h 05mQatar Airways

Mon 25/810:55DUR - BKK

2 stops21h 00mQatar Airways

Deal found 4/7R16 989

Sun 3/81:50BKK - CPT

1 stop16h 55mEthiopian Air

Mon 18/814:35CPT - BKK

1 stop17h 40mEthiopian Air

Deal found 3/7R17 568

Wed 10/914:00DMK - CPT

2 stops26h 35mMultiple Airlines

Wed 17/913:05CPT - DMK

2 stops23h 00mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/7R20 608

Best flights from Bangkok to South Africa
Discover carefully curated flight deals from Bangkok to South Africa that have cost, travel time, and stopovers in mind to ensure you get the best travel experience. Data last updated 5 July 2025.

Mon 11/80:55BKK - JNB

1 stop17h 10mEthiopian Air

Tue 19/814:30JNB - BKK

1 stop16h 30mEthiopian Air

Deal found 3/7R11 613

Thu 2/1011:00BKK - JNB

1 stop25h 40mCathay Pacific

Sun 19/1011:20JNB - BKK

1 stop23h 05mCathay Pacific

Deal found 4/7R11 665

Tue 19/820:10BKK - JNB

2 stops21h 55mMultiple Airlines

Tue 26/814:30JNB - BKK

1 stop16h 30mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 5/7R11 771

Wed 1/101:00BKK - JNB

1 stop19h 50mKenya Airways

Sat 18/101:25JNB - BKK

1 stop31h 05mKenya Airways

Deal found 4/7R12 684

Fri 8/820:55BKK - JNB

1 stop16h 25mEtihad Airways

Sat 16/89:50JNB - BKK

1 stop15h 40mEtihad Airways

Deal found 3/7R13 141

Sun 17/83:30BKK - CPT

2 stops21h 25mQatar Airways

Mon 25/813:00CPT - BKK

1 stop18h 55mQatar Airways

Deal found 4/7R16 356

Mon 18/89:55BKK - CPT

1 stop35h 55mEmirates

Mon 25/818:25CPT - BKK

1 stop37h 05mEmirates

Deal found 4/7R20 977

Wed 10/919:00BKK - CPT

2 stops27h 10mMultiple Airlines

Wed 17/96:15CPT - BKK

2 stops22h 45mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/7R14 951

Sun 17/83:30BKK - DUR

2 stops36h 05mQatar Airways

Mon 25/810:55DUR - BKK

2 stops21h 00mQatar Airways

Deal found 4/7R16 989

Sun 3/81:50BKK - CPT

1 stop16h 55mEthiopian Air

Mon 18/814:35CPT - BKK

1 stop17h 40mEthiopian Air

Deal found 3/7R17 568

Mon 18/812:30BKK - DUR

2 stops28h 05mMultiple Airlines

Mon 25/820:45DUR - BKK

2 stops28h 45mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/7R16 022

Sun 10/813:40DMK - JNB

3 stops47h 40mMultiple Airlines

Sun 17/89:50JNB - DMK

2 stops19h 55mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/7R16 585

Last-minute flights from Bangkok to South Africa
Discover last-minute flight deals from Bangkok to South Africa. Data last updated 5 July 2025 and is based on user searches.

Thu 10/79:05BKK - JNB

1 stop28h 15mEtihad Airways

Sun 10/89:50JNB - BKK

1 stop33h 05mEtihad Airways

Deal found 4/7R16 286

Thu 10/719:15BKK - JNB

2 stops22h 50mMultiple Airlines

Sun 10/822:50JNB - BKK

1 stop33h 25mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/7R20 327

Thu 10/72:30BKK - DUR

2 stops37h 05mQatar Airways

Sat 9/812:05DUR - BKK

2 stops26h 15mQatar Airways

Deal found 4/7R21 451

Thu 10/71:35BKK - DUR

1 stop20h 00mEmirates

Sat 9/818:40DUR - BKK

1 stop37h 45mEmirates

Deal found 5/7R27 231

Thu 10/78:40BKK - JNB

3 stops35h 35mQatar Airways

Sun 10/813:55JNB - BKK

1 stop18h 30mQatar Airways

Deal found 3/7R30 973

Fri 11/78:05BKK - DUR

3 stops31h 30mCathay Pacific

Sat 9/812:05DUR - BKK

3 stops30h 45mCathay Pacific

Deal found 5/7R260 802

Tue 15/72:30BKK - JNB

2 stops28h 50mRwandAir

Wed 23/716:50JNB - BKK

2 stops21h 30mRwandAir

Deal found 4/7R24 174

Tue 15/71:50BKK - JNB

4 stops38h 45mEthiopian Air

Wed 23/710:55JNB - BKK

2 stops21h 20mEthiopian Air

Deal found 4/7R39 652

Sun 3/81:50BKK - CPT

1 stop16h 55mEthiopian Air

Mon 18/814:35CPT - BKK

1 stop17h 40mEthiopian Air

Deal found 3/7R17 568

Mon 4/821:05BKK - CPT

2 stops45h 40mMultiple Airlines

Mon 18/816:35CPT - BKK

1 stop31h 40mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/7R15 636

Fri 8/820:55BKK - JNB

1 stop16h 25mEtihad Airways

Sat 16/89:50JNB - BKK

1 stop15h 40mEtihad Airways

Deal found 3/7R13 141

Sun 10/811:00BKK - JNB

1 stop25h 40mCathay Pacific

Mon 18/811:20JNB - BKK

1 stop31h 30mCathay Pacific

Deal found 3/7R12 930

One-way flights from Bangkok to South Africa
Search for one-way flight options from Bangkok to South Africa. Find affordable one-way fares based on user searches. Data last updated 5 July 2025.

Tue 22/720:25DMK - JNB

2 stops24h 25mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 3/7R6 852

Mon 25/821:05BKK - JNB

2 stops40h 15mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 2/7R6 887

Sun 23/1120:40BKK - CPT

2 stops45h 20mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/7R7 062

Sun 31/815:00BKK - JNB

1 stop21h 40mCathay Pacific

Deal found 4/7R7 344

Sun 24/82:55BKK - JNB

1 stop34h 25mEtihad Airways

Deal found 2/7R7 414

Thu 20/1121:00DMK - CPT

2 stops25h 25mMultiple Airlines

Deal found 4/7R7 642

Wed 17/122:00BKK - JNB

1 stop18h 35mQatar Airways

Deal found 3/7R8 573

Sun 3/81:50BKK - JNB

1 stop16h 15mEthiopian Air

Deal found 4/7R9 329

Sat 26/72:15BKK - JNB

2 stops35h 05mChina Eastern

Deal found 3/7R9 733

Wed 19/111:55BKK - CPT

1 stop16h 05mEthiopian Air

Deal found 4/7R10 049

Wed 16/723:40BKK - CPT

2 stops41h 10mIndiGo

Deal found 2/7R12 561

Tue 30/1212:00BKK - CPT

2 stops26h 25mSingapore Airlines

Deal found 3/7R12 597

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Bangkok to South Africa that are best for you.

Fly from

Fly to

Route

Depart

Return

Price

BangkokJohannesburg

BKK - JNB

BKKJNB

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Mon 11/8

0:55-13:05

1 stop17h 10m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Tue 19/8

14:30-12:00

1 stop16h 30m

R11 613

BangkokJohannesburg

BKK - JNB

BKKJNB

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Thu 2/10

11:00-7:40

1 stop25h 40m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Sun 19/10

11:20-15:25

1 stop23h 05m

R11 665

BangkokJohannesburg

BKK - JNB

BKKJNB

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Tue 19/8

20:10-13:05

2 stops21h 55m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Tue 26/8

14:30-12:00

1 stop16h 30m

R11 771

BangkokJohannesburg

BKK - JNB

BKKJNB

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Wed 1/10

1:00-15:50

1 stop19h 50m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Sat 18/10

1:25-13:30

1 stop31h 05m

R12 684

BangkokJohannesburg

BKK - JNB

BKKJNB

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Fri 8/8

20:55-8:20

1 stop16h 25m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Sat 16/8

9:50-6:30

1 stop15h 40m

R13 141

BangkokCape Town

BKK - CPT

BKKCPT

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Wed 10/9

19:00-17:10

2 stops27h 10m

Cape Town Intl

Wed 17/9

6:15-10:00

2 stops22h 45m

R14 951

BangkokDurban

BKK - DUR

BKKDUR

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Mon 18/8

12:30-11:35

2 stops28h 05m

Durban King Shaka Intl

Mon 25/8

20:45-6:30

2 stops28h 45m

R16 022

BangkokCape Town

BKK - CPT

BKKCPT

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Sun 17/8

3:30-19:55

2 stops21h 25m

Cape Town Intl

Mon 25/8

13:00-12:55

1 stop18h 55m

R16 356

BangkokJohannesburg

DMK - JNB

DMKJNB

Bangkok Don Mueang Intl

Sun 10/8

13:40-8:20

3 stops47h 40m

Johannesburg OR Tambo

Sun 17/8

9:50-10:45

2 stops19h 55m

R16 585

BangkokDurban

BKK - DUR

BKKDUR

Bangkok Suvarnabhumi

Sun 17/8

3:30-10:35

2 stops36h 05m

Durban King Shaka Intl

Mon 25/8

10:55-12:55

2 stops21h 00m

R16 989

Flights are sorted by cheapest return flights first.

Deals found on 3/7

Showing 1-10 of 30 results

Best time to book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to South Africa from Bangkok with our price prediction graph.

Estimated return price

Rates are based on past data. Find the cheapest month and day to book your flight based on your travel requirements, then search for cheap deals.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from Bangkok to South Africa

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa?

Currently, January is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa (average of R89). Flying from Bangkok to South Africa in September is currently the most expensive (average of R123). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

Reviews of airlines servicing South Africa

Read through reviews of airlines operating flights from Bangkok to South Africa, such as Emirates, Singapore Airlines, andCathay Pacific. Reviews also offer insight into each airline's entertainment options, comfort, food, crew/service, and boarding process.

Emirates

8,1

Very Good

3 284 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

10,0

Excellent

Muhammed,Jun 2025

DXB - DUR

Amazing. Not bad at all. Wish all my flights are like this

Emirates

8,1

Very Good

3 284 reviews

Emirates

8,1

Very Good

3 284 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

10,0

Excellent

Muhammed,Jun 2025

DXB - DUR

Amazing. Not bad at all. Wish all my flights are like this

Singapore Airlines

8,1

Very Good

1 320 reviews

Emirates

8,1

Very Good

3 284 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

10,0

Excellent

Muhammed,Jun 2025

DXB - DUR

Amazing. Not bad at all. Wish all my flights are like this

Cathay Pacific

7,6

Good

921 reviews

Emirates

8,1

Very Good

3 284 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

10,0

Excellent

Muhammed,Jun 2025

DXB - DUR

Amazing. Not bad at all. Wish all my flights are like this

Qatar Airways

7,4

Good

3 590 reviews

Emirates

8,1

Very Good

3 284 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

10,0

Excellent

Muhammed,Jun 2025

DXB - DUR

Amazing. Not bad at all. Wish all my flights are like this

Etihad Airways

7,4

Good

1 220 reviews

Emirates

8,1

Very Good

3 284 reviews

Check prices

Reviews

1 / 20

10,0

Excellent

Muhammed,Jun 2025

DXB - DUR

Amazing. Not bad at all. Wish all my flights are like this

Related info for your journey

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Bangkok to South Africa one-way?
R7 344 is the cheapest one-way deal found within the past few days, from Cathay Pacific. You may also be able to find cheap deals on Etihad Airways and Qatar Airways, with prices starting from R7 414 and R8 573, respectively.
What are the most popular routes from Bangkok to South Africa?
The most popular route from Bangkok to South Africa is Bangkok Suvarnabhumi - Sun City Resort Pilansberg. You may also consider Bangkok Suvarnabhumi - Johannesburg OR Tambo or Bangkok Suvarnabhumi - Cape Town Intl.
Can I find deals for flights from Bangkok to South Africa that include hotel bookings?
Yes. In addition to deals on Bangkok to South Africa flights, Cheapflights offers holiday packages that include both flights and hotel.
How can I find direct flights from Bangkok to South Africa?
After entering your origin and destination, apply the non-stop filter on the search result page to find direct flights from Bangkok to South Africa.
Can I find deals for business class flights from Bangkok to South Africa?
Yes. Cheapflights offers flight deals from Bangkok to South Africa by cabin class. In addition to browsing deals, you can also filter by cabin class on the search results page after making a search.
What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa?
Currently, January is the cheapest month in which you can book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa (average of R89). Flying from Bangkok to South Africa in September is currently the most expensive (average of R123). There are several factors that can impact the price of a flight, so comparing airlines, departure airports and flight times can provide users with more options.

See more FAQs

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Top 6 airlines flying from Bangkok to South Africa

Airline	Cheapest	Average	Flexibility	On-time
Kenya Airways	CheapestR9 081	AverageR17 945	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time82%	Search Kenya Airways flights
Ethiopian Air	CheapestR11 132	AverageR16 010	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time72%	Search Ethiopian Air flights
Cathay Pacific	CheapestR11 401	AverageR13 069	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time72%	Search Cathay Pacific flights
Etihad Airways	CheapestR11 601	AverageR13 312	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time75%	Search Etihad Airways flights
Qatar Airways	CheapestR12 971	AverageR16 555	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time68%	Search Qatar Airways flights
Emirates	CheapestR13 011	AverageR21 468	FlexibilityNo cancel fee	On-time75%	Search Emirates flights

Fly with Cheapflights

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from Bangkok to South Africa?

900+ travel sites are searched through when a user searches for a flight using Cheapflights. From the search interface, users can use filters to choose airlines, airports, flight times, cabin classes and more to their preference. Book your flight to South Africa from Bangkok today with Cheapflights!

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from Bangkok to South Africa?

By finding flights from multiple airlines and providers at completely no cost, Cheapflights helps millions of users like you annually find the best flights to South Africa from Bangkok.

Can Cheapflights find flights from Bangkok to South Africa with no change fees?

Users can book flights with no change fees policies with our dedicated filters. Book flights from Bangkok to South Africa flexibly with Cheapflights today.

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from Bangkok to South Africa become cheaper?

Yes! Start tracking prices for Bangkok to South Africa flights today and get alerted whenever prices for these flights change. To access this feature, click the bell icon next to the flight deals above, which will prompt you for a valid email address to receive your alerts.

100% Free

Cheapflights is completely free to use, so you can start saving the moment you arrive.

Book with Flexibility

Our users can plan ahead with confidence and find flights with no change fees

Travel Smart

Millions of people come to us for their flight needs every year. We help make travel planning easy by providing useful insights and data-driven graphs that can inform your decisions.

Cheap flights from Bangkok to South Africa from R6 852

This is the cheapest one-way flight price found by a Cheapflights user in the last 72 hours by searching for a flight departing on 22/7. Fares are subject to change and may not be available on all flights or dates of travel.

Cheap flight deals from Bangkok to South Africa

Keep the following information in mind while searching for Bangkok to South Africa flight deals. Data was last updated 5 July 2025.

Round-trip from

One-way from

Popular in

Cheapest in

Average price

Find flight deals from Bangkok to South Africa

Cheapest flights from Bangkok to South AfricaExplore the most affordable flight options available from Bangkok to South Africa. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 5 July 2025.

Explore the most affordable flight options available from Bangkok to South Africa. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 5 July 2025.

Cheapflights Fare Finder

Use the filters below to find and compare flights from Bangkok to South Africa that are best for you.

Best time to book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa

Have a flexible travel schedule? Discover the best time to fly to South Africa from Bangkok with our price prediction graph.

Cheapflights Insights

Everything you need to know about your flight from Bangkok to South Africa

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa?

Reviews of airlines servicing South Africa

Read through reviews of airlines operating flights from Bangkok to South Africa, such as Emirates, Singapore Airlines, andCathay Pacific. Reviews also offer insight into each airline's entertainment options, comfort, food, crew/service, and boarding process.

Related info for your journey

Find useful and relevant information for your journey from Bangkok to South Africa. Access travel guides, tips, and recommendations to enhance your travel experience. Get information about local attractions, weather, transportation options, and more.

What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Bangkok to South Africa one-way?

What are the most popular routes from Bangkok to South Africa?

Can I find deals for flights from Bangkok to South Africa that include hotel bookings?

How can I find direct flights from Bangkok to South Africa?

Can I find deals for business class flights from Bangkok to South Africa?

What is the cheapest month to book a flight from Bangkok to South Africa?

Browse thousands of different options on Cheapflights for your next trip

Toggle through the tabs below to find thousands of options on Cheapflights for your next trip.

Alternative routes for Bangkok to South Africa

See prices for flight routes from nearby airports that may be better suited for you.

Top 6 airlines flying from Bangkok to South Africa

Fly with Cheapflights

Find the best flight deals on Cheapflights, where travellers can enjoy low prices and a wide availability of flights to their desired destinations.

How does Cheapflights help users find flights from Bangkok to South Africa?

Why should you use Cheapflights to find cheap flight tickets from Bangkok to South Africa?

Can Cheapflights find flights from Bangkok to South Africa with no change fees?

Can Cheapflights notify me if prices for flights from Bangkok to South Africa become cheaper?

100% Free

Book with Flexibility

Travel Smart

Cheapest flights from Bangkok to South Africa
Explore the most affordable flight options available from Bangkok to South Africa. Find the lowest fares from popular airlines and budget airlines, with prices last updated on 5 July 2025.